
Solvent Volume Driven ZnO Nanopetals Thin Films: Spray Pyrolysis
Precursor volume alone steers spray-pyrolysis ZnO toward either better conductivity or better gas sensing, with a distinctive nanopetal morphology forming at 30 mL.

Studies focused on how synthesis conditions (precursor volume, solvent, substrate temperature, doping, annealing) shape the structure, morphology, and optical or electrical properties of a material, independent of a specific end-use device.

Precursor volume alone steers spray-pyrolysis ZnO toward either better conductivity or better gas sensing, with a distinctive nanopetal morphology forming at 30 mL.

Increasing iron-dopant concentration drives a clear shape transition in spray-deposited ZnO from rounded nanospheres to elongated nanorods, narrowing the optical band gap along the way.