Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, used as ammonia-sensing networks, as a reinforcing phase in composite sensors, and as SERS substrates.
A bio-derived Pebax polymer loaded with just 0.4 wt% carbon nanotubes becomes a sustainable, multi-stage piezoresistive strain sensor that stays stable over 1,000 stretch-release cycles.
Ultrasonically treated, annealed carbon-nanotube networks show a striking dual response to ammonia: resistance rises with concentration, then drops three orders of magnitude above 2500 ppm.
A V2O5-graphene oxide hybrid made by electrochemical exfoliation offers a lower-cost, non-noble-metal alternative for direct glucose electrooxidation and sensing.
A one-pot, chemical-free laser-ablation route sequentially builds ZnO@graphene-oxide core-shell nanoparticles in water, with longer graphite ablation producing thicker GO shells.
A review of 2D inorganic SERS substrates, including graphene, boron nitride, metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, surveys their enhancement mechanisms and the path toward portable SERS sensors.
